GL3Renderer.cpp

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#include <tdme/engine/subsystems/renderer/GL3Renderer.h>
 
#if defined (__APPLE__)
    #define GL_SILENCE_DEPRECATION
    #define GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM 0x8E8C
    #define GL_INTERNALFORMAT_SUPPORTED 0x826F
    #include <OpenGL/gl3.h>
    #include <OpenGL/OpenGL.h>
    #if !defined(__aarch64__)
        #include <OpenCL/opencl.h>
        #include <OpenCL/cl_gl.h>
    #endif
#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__linux__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__HAIKU__)
    #define GLEW_NO_GLU
    #include <GL/glew.h>
#endif
 
#include <string.h>
 
#include <array>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
#include <tdme/tdme.h>
#include <tdme/engine/fileio/textures/PNGTextureWriter.h>
#include <tdme/engine/Texture.h>
#include <tdme/engine/Engine.h>
#include <tdme/engine/FrameBuffer.h>
#include <tdme/math/Math.h>
#include <tdme/math/Matrix4x4.h>
#include <tdme/os/filesystem/FileSystem.h>
#include <tdme/os/filesystem/FileSystemInterface.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/Buffer.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/ByteBuffer.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/Console.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/FloatBuffer.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/IntBuffer.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/ModelTools.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/ShortBuffer.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/StringTools.h>
#include <tdme/utilities/Time.h>
 
using std::array;
using std::map;
using std::string;
using std::to_string;
using std::vector;
 
using tdme::engine::subsystems::renderer::GL3Renderer;
 
using tdme::engine::fileio::textures::PNGTextureWriter;
using tdme::engine::Texture;
using tdme::engine::Engine;
using tdme::engine::FrameBuffer;
using tdme::math::Math;
using tdme::math::Matrix4x4;
using tdme::os::filesystem::FileSystem;
using tdme::os::filesystem::FileSystemInterface;
using tdme::utilities::Buffer;
using tdme::utilities::ByteBuffer;
using tdme::utilities::Console;
using tdme::utilities::FloatBuffer;
using tdme::utilities::IntBuffer;
using tdme::utilities::ShortBuffer;
using tdme::utilities::StringTools;
using tdme::utilities::Time;
 
GL3Renderer::GL3Renderer()
{
    rendererType = RENDERERTYPE_OPENGL;
    // setup GL3 consts
    ID_NONE = 0;
    CLEAR_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT = GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT;
    CLEAR_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT;
    CULLFACE_FRONT = GL_FRONT;
    CULLFACE_BACK = GL_BACK;
    FRONTFACE_CW = GL_CW;
    FRONTFACE_CCW = GL_CCW;
    SHADER_FRAGMENT_SHADER = GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER;
    SHADER_VERTEX_SHADER = GL_VERTEX_SHADER;
    #if defined (__APPLE__)
        SHADER_COMPUTE_SHADER = -1;
        UNIFORM_CL_SKINNING_VERTEX_COUNT = -1001;
        UNIFORM_CL_SKINNING_MATRIX_COUNT = -1002;
        UNIFORM_CL_SKINNING_INSTANCE_COUNT = -1003;
    #else
        SHADER_COMPUTE_SHADER = GL_COMPUTE_SHADER;
    #endif
    DEPTHFUNCTION_ALWAYS = GL_ALWAYS;
    DEPTHFUNCTION_EQUAL = GL_EQUAL;
    DEPTHFUNCTION_LESSEQUAL = GL_LEQUAL;
    DEPTHFUNCTION_GREATEREQUAL = GL_GEQUAL;
    CUBEMAPTEXTUREINDEX_NEGATIVE_X = GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X;
    CUBEMAPTEXTUREINDEX_POSITIVE_X = GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X;
    CUBEMAPTEXTUREINDEX_POSITIVE_Y = GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y;
    CUBEMAPTEXTUREINDEX_NEGATIVE_Y = GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y;
    CUBEMAPTEXTUREINDEX_POSITIVE_Z = GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z;
    CUBEMAPTEXTUREINDEX_NEGATIVE_Z = GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z;
    activeTextureUnit = 0;
    engineVAO = ID_NONE;
    deferredShadingAvailable = false;
    textureCompressionAvailable = false;
}
 
const string GL3Renderer::getVendor() {
    auto vendor = (char*)glGetString(GL_VENDOR);
    return string(vendor);
}
 
const string GL3Renderer::getRenderer() {
    auto renderer = (char*)glGetString(GL_RENDERER);
    return string(renderer) + " [GL3+/CORE]";
}
 
const string GL3Renderer::getShaderVersion()
{
    return "gl3";
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isSupportingMultithreadedRendering() {
    return false;
}
 
#if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
    void GL3Renderer::clErrorCallback(const char* errorInfo, const void* privateInfo, size_t cb, void* userData) {
        Console::println(string("GL3Renderer::clErrorCallback(): ") + errorInfo);
    }
#endif
 
void GL3Renderer::initialize()
{
    glGetError();
    // get default framebuffer
    FRAMEBUFFER_DEFAULT = 0; //getContext()->getDefaultDrawFramebuffer();
    // setup open gl
    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    glClearDepth(1.0f);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
    glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
    glBlendEquation(GL_FUNC_ADD);
    glDisable(GL_BLEND);
    #if !defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__HAIKU__)
        // TODO: can this be removed???
        glEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE);
    #endif
    glEnable(GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE);
    setTextureUnit(CONTEXTINDEX_DEFAULT, 0);
    // port-macosx requires this
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &engineVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(engineVAO);
    //
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        // TODO: error management
        // shader source
        auto skinningKernelProgramSource = FileSystem::getInstance()->getContentAsString("shader/gl3/skinning", "skinning.cl");
        auto skinningKernelProgramSourceSize = skinningKernelProgramSource.size();
        array<const char*, 1> skinningKernelProgramSourceArray = { skinningKernelProgramSource.data() };
 
        // context, device
        cl_int clError = 0;
        cl_device_id clDeviceId = 0;
        auto clCurrentContext = CGLGetCurrentContext();
        auto clShareGroup = CGLGetShareGroup(clCurrentContext);
        gcl_gl_set_sharegroup(clShareGroup);
        auto clDispatchQueue = gcl_create_dispatch_queue(CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU, nullptr);
        clDeviceId = gcl_get_device_id_with_dispatch_queue(clDispatchQueue);
 
        // device vendor + names
        size_t clSize = 0;
        cl_char clDeviceVendorName[1024] = {0};
        cl_char clDeviceDeviceName[1024] = {0};
        clError = clGetDeviceInfo(clDeviceId, CL_DEVICE_VENDOR, sizeof(clDeviceVendorName) - 1, clDeviceVendorName, &clSize);
        clError|= clGetDeviceInfo(clDeviceId, CL_DEVICE_NAME, sizeof(clDeviceDeviceName) - 1, clDeviceDeviceName, &clSize);
        Console::println(string("GL3Renderer::initialize(): Using OpenCL CL device: ") + (char*)clDeviceVendorName + ": " + (char*)clDeviceDeviceName);
 
        // CL context, skinning kernel
        cl_context_properties properties[] = {
            CL_CONTEXT_PROPERTY_USE_CGL_SHAREGROUP_APPLE,
            (cl_context_properties)clShareGroup,
            0
        };
        clContext = clCreateContext(properties, 1, &clDeviceId, clErrorCallback, nullptr, &clError);
        clCommandQueue = clCreateCommandQueue(clContext, clDeviceId, 0, &clError);
        clSkinningKernelProgram = clCreateProgramWithSource(clContext, 1, skinningKernelProgramSourceArray.data(), &skinningKernelProgramSourceSize, &clError);
        clError = clBuildProgram(clSkinningKernelProgram, 1, &clDeviceId, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
        auto clBuildInfo = clGetProgramBuildInfo(clSkinningKernelProgram, clDeviceId, CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_STATUS, 0, nullptr, &clSize);
        clSkinningKernel = clCreateKernel(clSkinningKernelProgram, "computeSkinning", &clError);
    #endif
    // check if deferred shading is available
    int glMaxColorAttachments = 0;
    glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_COLOR_ATTACHMENTS, &glMaxColorAttachments);
    int glMaxDrawBuffers = 0;
    glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS, &glMaxDrawBuffers);
    deferredShadingAvailable = glMaxColorAttachments >= 8 && glMaxDrawBuffers >= 8;
    //
    #if !defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__HAIKU__)
        // texture compression
        int textureCompressionParam = 0;
        glGetInternalformativ(
            GL_TEXTURE_2D,
            GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM,
            GL_INTERNALFORMAT_SUPPORTED,
            1,
            &textureCompressionParam
        );
        textureCompressionAvailable = textureCompressionParam == GL_TRUE;
    #endif
    // renderer contexts
    rendererContexts.resize(1);
    for (auto& rendererContext: rendererContexts) {
        for (auto i = 0; i < rendererContext.lights.size(); i++) {
            rendererContext.lights[i].spotCosCutoff = static_cast<float>(Math::cos(Math::PI / 180.0f * 180.0f));
        }
        rendererContext.textureMatrix.identity();
    }
}
 
void GL3Renderer::initializeFrame()
{
}
 
void GL3Renderer::finishFrame()
{
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isTextureCompressionAvailable()
{
    return textureCompressionAvailable;
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isUsingProgramAttributeLocation()
{
    return false;
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isSupportingIntegerProgramAttributes() {
    return true;
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isSpecularMappingAvailable()
{
    return true;
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isNormalMappingAvailable()
{
    return true;
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isInstancedRenderingAvailable() {
    return true;
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isPBRAvailable()
{
    return true;
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isComputeShaderAvailable() {
    #if defined(__HAIKU__)
        // does not work for now with Haiku OS
        return false;
    #else
        int glMajorVersion;
        int glMinorVersion;
        glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION, &glMajorVersion);
        glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION, &glMinorVersion);
        return (glMajorVersion == 4 && glMinorVersion >= 3) || glMajorVersion > 4;
    #endif
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isGLCLAvailable() {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        return true;
    #else
        return false;
    #endif
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isUsingShortIndices() {
    return false;
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::isDeferredShadingAvailable() {
    return deferredShadingAvailable;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::getTextureUnits()
{
    return activeTextureUnit;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::loadShader(int32_t type, const string& pathName, const string& fileName, const string& definitions, const string& functions)
{
    // create shader
    int32_t shaderId = glCreateShader(type);
    // exit if no handle returned
    if (shaderId == 0) return 0;
 
    // shader source
    auto shaderSource = StringTools::replace(
        StringTools::replace(
            FileSystem::getInstance()->getContentAsString(pathName, fileName),
            "{$DEFINITIONS}",
            definitions + "\n\n"
        ),
        "{$FUNCTIONS}",
        functions + "\n\n"
    );
    auto shaderSourceNullTerminated = shaderSource + "\0";
    // load source
    array<const char*, 1> shaderSourceNullTerminatedArray = { shaderSourceNullTerminated.data() };
    glShaderSource(shaderId, 1, shaderSourceNullTerminatedArray.data(), nullptr);
    // compile
    glCompileShader(shaderId);
    // check state
    int32_t compileStatus;
    glGetShaderiv(shaderId, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compileStatus);
    if (compileStatus == 0) {
        // get error
        int32_t infoLogLength;
        glGetShaderiv(shaderId, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLogLength);
        string infoLog(infoLogLength, static_cast<char>(0));
        glGetShaderInfoLog(shaderId, infoLogLength, &infoLogLength, infoLog.data());
        // be verbose
        Console::println(
            string(
                string("GL3Renderer::loadShader") +
                string("[") +
                to_string(shaderId) +
                string("]") +
                pathName +
                string("/") +
                fileName +
                string(": failed: ") +
                infoLog
             )
         );
        Console::println(shaderSource);
        // remove shader
        glDeleteShader(shaderId);
        //
        return 0;
    }
    //
    return shaderId;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::useProgram(int contextIdx, int32_t programId)
{
    glUseProgram(programId);
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::createProgram(int type)
{
    return glCreateProgram();
}
 
void GL3Renderer::attachShaderToProgram(int32_t programId, int32_t shaderId)
{
    glAttachShader(programId, shaderId);
}
 
bool GL3Renderer::linkProgram(int32_t programId)
{
    glLinkProgram(programId);
    // check state
    int32_t linkStatus;
    glGetProgramiv(programId, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linkStatus);
    if (linkStatus == 0) {
        // get error
        int32_t infoLogLength;
        glGetProgramiv(programId, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLogLength);
        string infoLog(infoLogLength, static_cast<char>(0));
        glGetProgramInfoLog(programId, infoLogLength, &infoLogLength, infoLog.data());
        // be verbose
        Console::println(
            string(
                string("GL3Renderer::linkProgram") +
                "[" +
                to_string(programId) +
                "]: failed: " +
                infoLog
             )
        );
        //
        return false;
    }
    //
    return true;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::getProgramUniformLocation(int32_t programId, const string& name)
{
    return glGetUniformLocation(programId, name.c_str());
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setProgramUniformInteger(int contextIdx, int32_t uniformId, int32_t value)
{
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        if (uniformId == UNIFORM_CL_SKINNING_VERTEX_COUNT) {
            clSkinningParameters.vertexCount = value;
        } else
        if (uniformId == UNIFORM_CL_SKINNING_MATRIX_COUNT) {
            clSkinningParameters.matrixCount = value;
        } else
        if (uniformId == UNIFORM_CL_SKINNING_INSTANCE_COUNT) {
            clSkinningParameters.instanceCount = value;
        } else {
            glUniform1i(uniformId, value);
        }
    #else
        glUniform1i(uniformId, value);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setProgramUniformFloat(int contextIdx, int32_t uniformId, float value)
{
    glUniform1f(uniformId, value);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setProgramUniformFloatMatrix3x3(int contextIdx, int32_t uniformId, const array<float, 9>& data)
{
    glUniformMatrix3fv(uniformId, 1, false, data.data());
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setProgramUniformFloatMatrix4x4(int contextIdx, int32_t uniformId, const array<float, 16>& data)
{
    glUniformMatrix4fv(uniformId, 1, false, data.data());
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setProgramUniformFloatMatrices4x4(int contextIdx, int32_t uniformId, int32_t count, FloatBuffer* data)
{
    glUniformMatrix4fv(uniformId, count, false, (float*)data->getBuffer());
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setProgramUniformFloatVec4(int contextIdx, int32_t uniformId, const array<float, 4>& data)
{
    glUniform4fv(uniformId, 1, data.data());
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setProgramUniformFloatVec3(int contextIdx, int32_t uniformId, const array<float, 3>& data)
{
    glUniform3fv(uniformId, 1, data.data());
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setProgramUniformFloatVec2(int contextIdx, int32_t uniformId, const array<float, 2>& data)
{
    glUniform2fv(uniformId, 1, data.data());
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setProgramAttributeLocation(int32_t programId, int32_t location, const string& name)
{
    glBindAttribLocation(programId, location, (name).c_str());
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setViewPort(int32_t width, int32_t height)
{
    this->viewPortWidth = width;
    this->viewPortHeight = height;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::updateViewPort()
{
    glViewport(0, 0, viewPortWidth, viewPortHeight);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setClearColor(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
{
    glClearColor(red, green, blue, alpha);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::enableCulling(int contextIdx)
{
    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::disableCulling(int contextIdx)
{
    glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setFrontFace(int contextIdx, int32_t frontFace)
{
    glFrontFace(frontFace);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setCullFace(int32_t cullFace)
{
    glCullFace(cullFace);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::enableBlending()
{
    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::enableAdditionBlending() {
    glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE);
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::disableBlending()
{
    glDisable(GL_BLEND);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::enableDepthBufferWriting()
{
    glDepthMask(true);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::disableDepthBufferWriting()
{
    glDepthMask(false);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::disableDepthBufferTest()
{
    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::enableDepthBufferTest()
{
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setDepthFunction(int32_t depthFunction)
{
    // TODO: remove me
    glDepthFunc(depthFunction);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setColorMask(bool red, bool green, bool blue, bool alpha)
{
    glColorMask(red, green, blue, alpha);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::clear(int32_t mask)
{
    glClear(mask);
    statistics.clearCalls++;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::createTexture()
{
    // generate open gl texture
    uint32_t textureId;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureId);
    return textureId;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::createDepthBufferTexture(int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t cubeMapTextureId, int32_t cubeMapTextureIndex)
{
    uint32_t depthTextureId;
    // create depth texture
    glGenTextures(1, &depthTextureId);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, depthTextureId);
    // create depth texture
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, width, height, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, nullptr);
    // depth texture parameter
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    // unbind, return
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ID_NONE);
    return depthTextureId;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::createColorBufferTexture(int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t cubeMapTextureId, int32_t cubeMapTextureIndex)
{
    uint32_t colorBufferTextureId;
    // create color texture
    glGenTextures(1, &colorBufferTextureId);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorBufferTextureId);
    // create color texture
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
    // color texture parameter
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    // unbind, return
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ID_NONE);
    return colorBufferTextureId;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::createGBufferGeometryTexture(int32_t width, int32_t height) {
    uint32_t gBufferGeometryTextureId;
    glGenTextures(1, &gBufferGeometryTextureId);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, gBufferGeometryTextureId);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA16F, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT, nullptr);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ID_NONE);
    return gBufferGeometryTextureId;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::createGBufferColorTexture(int32_t width, int32_t height) {
    uint32_t gBufferColorTextureId;
    glGenTextures(1, &gBufferColorTextureId);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, gBufferColorTextureId);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ID_NONE);
    return gBufferColorTextureId;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::uploadTexture(int contextIdx, Texture* texture)
{
    //
    if (textureCompressionAvailable == true && texture->isUseCompression() == true) {
        //
        auto level = 0;
        auto mipLevels = texture->getMipLevels();
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, 0);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, mipLevels - 1);
        {
            auto textureTextureData = texture->getBC7TextureData();
            // base level
            glCompressedTexImage2D(
                GL_TEXTURE_2D,
                level++,
                GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM,
                texture->getTextureWidth(),
                texture->getTextureHeight(),
                0,
                textureTextureData.getCapacity(),
                textureTextureData.getBuffer()
            );
        }
 
        //
        if (texture->isUseMipMap() == true) {
            // mip levels
            auto textureMipMaps = texture->getMipMapTextures(true);
            for (auto& textureMipMap: textureMipMaps) {
                glCompressedTexImage2D(
                    GL_TEXTURE_2D,
                    level++,
                    GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM,
                    textureMipMap.width,
                    textureMipMap.height,
                    0,
                    textureMipMap.textureData.getCapacity(),
                    textureMipMap.textureData.getBuffer()
                );
            }
        }
    } else {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = texture->getRGBTextureData();
        //
        glTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_2D,
            0,
            texture->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            texture->getTextureWidth(),
            texture->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            texture->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    }
 
    //
    if (texture->getAtlasSize() > 1) {
        if (texture->isUseMipMap() == true) {
            float maxLodBias;
            glGetFloatv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS, &maxLodBias);
            glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS, -Math::clamp(static_cast<float>(texture->getAtlasSize()) * 0.125f, 0.0f, maxLodBias));
            if (textureCompressionAvailable == false || texture->isUseCompression() == false) {
                glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, texture->getMipLevels() - 1);
                glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
            }
        }
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    } else {
        if (texture->isUseMipMap() == true && (textureCompressionAvailable == false || texture->isUseCompression() == false)) {
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, texture->getMipLevels() - 1);
            glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
        }
        if (texture->isRepeat() == true) {
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
        } else {
            float color[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
            if (texture->getClampMode() == Texture::CLAMPMODE_TRANSPARENTPIXEL) glTexParameterfv(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR, color);
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, texture->getClampMode() == Texture::CLAMPMODE_EDGE?GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE:GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, texture->getClampMode() == Texture::CLAMPMODE_EDGE?GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE:GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
        }
    }
    switch (texture->getMinFilter()) {
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_NEAREST:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_LINEAR:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, texture->isUseMipMap() == true?GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST:GL_NEAREST); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, texture->isUseMipMap() == true?GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST:GL_NEAREST); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, texture->isUseMipMap() == true?GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR:GL_LINEAR); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, texture->isUseMipMap() == true?GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR:GL_LINEAR); break;
    }
    switch (texture->getMagFilter()) {
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_NEAREST:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_LINEAR:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, texture->isUseMipMap() == true?GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST:GL_NEAREST); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, texture->isUseMipMap() == true?GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST:GL_NEAREST); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, texture->isUseMipMap() == true?GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR:GL_LINEAR); break;
        case Texture::TEXTUREFILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR:
            glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, texture->isUseMipMap() == true?GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR:GL_LINEAR); break;
    }
    statistics.textureUploads++;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::uploadCubeMapTexture(int contextIdx, Texture* textureLeft, Texture* textureRight, Texture* textureTop, Texture* textureBottom, Texture* textureFront, Texture* textureBack) {
    if (textureCompressionAvailable == true && textureLeft->isUseCompression() == true) {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureLeft->getBC7TextureData();
        //
        glCompressedTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X,
            0,
            GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM,
            textureLeft->getTextureWidth(),
            textureLeft->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureTextureData.getCapacity(),
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    } else {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureLeft->getRGBTextureData();
        //
        glTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X,
            0,
            textureLeft->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            textureLeft->getTextureWidth(),
            textureLeft->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureLeft->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    }
    if (textureCompressionAvailable == true && textureRight->isUseCompression() == true) {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureRight->getBC7TextureData();
        //
        glCompressedTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X,
            0,
            GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM,
            textureRight->getTextureWidth(),
            textureRight->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureTextureData.getCapacity(),
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    } else {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureRight->getRGBTextureData();
        //
        glTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X,
            0,
            textureRight->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            textureRight->getTextureWidth(),
            textureRight->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureRight->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    }
    if (textureCompressionAvailable == true && textureTop->isUseCompression() == true) {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureTop->getBC7TextureData();
        //
        glCompressedTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y,
            0,
            GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM,
            textureTop->getTextureWidth(),
            textureTop->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureTextureData.getCapacity(),
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    } else {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureTop->getRGBTextureData();
        //
        glTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y,
            0,
            textureTop->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            textureTop->getTextureWidth(),
            textureTop->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureTop->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    }
    if (textureCompressionAvailable == true && textureBottom->isUseCompression() == true) {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureBottom->getBC7TextureData();
        //
        glCompressedTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y,
            0,
            GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM,
            textureBottom->getTextureWidth(),
            textureBottom->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureTextureData.getCapacity(),
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    } else {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureBottom->getRGBTextureData();
        //
        glTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y,
            0,
            textureBottom->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            textureBottom->getTextureWidth(),
            textureBottom->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureBottom->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    }
    if (textureCompressionAvailable == true && textureFront->isUseCompression() == true) {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureFront->getBC7TextureData();
        //
        glCompressedTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z,
            0,
            GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM,
            textureFront->getTextureWidth(),
            textureFront->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureTextureData.getCapacity(),
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    } else {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureFront->getRGBTextureData();
        //
        glTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z,
            0,
            textureFront->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            textureFront->getTextureWidth(),
            textureFront->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureFront->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    }
    if (textureCompressionAvailable == true && textureBack->isUseCompression() == true) {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureBack->getBC7TextureData();
        //
        glCompressedTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z,
            0,
            GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_BPTC_UNORM,
            textureBack->getTextureWidth(),
            textureBack->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureTextureData.getCapacity(),
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    } else {
        //
        auto textureTextureData = textureBack->getRGBTextureData();
        //
        glTexImage2D(
            GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z,
            0,
            textureBack->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            textureBack->getTextureWidth(),
            textureBack->getTextureHeight(),
            0,
            textureBack->getRGBDepthBitsPerPixel() == 32?GL_RGBA:GL_RGB,
            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
            textureTextureData.getBuffer()
        );
    }
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    statistics.textureUploads+= 6;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::createCubeMapTexture(int contextIdx, int32_t width, int32_t height) {
    // generate open gl texture
    uint32_t textureId;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureId);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureId);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexImage2D(
        GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        width,
        height,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        nullptr
    );
    glTexImage2D(
        GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        width,
        height,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        nullptr
    );
    glTexImage2D(
        GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        width,
        height,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        nullptr
    );
    glTexImage2D(
        GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        width,
        height,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        nullptr
    );
    glTexImage2D(
        GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        width,
        height,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        nullptr
    );
    glTexImage2D(
        GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        width,
        height,
        0,
        GL_RGBA,
        GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        nullptr
    );
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, 0);
    return textureId;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::resizeDepthBufferTexture(int32_t textureId, int32_t width, int32_t height)
{
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, width, height, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, nullptr);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::resizeColorBufferTexture(int32_t textureId, int32_t width, int32_t height)
{
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::resizeGBufferGeometryTexture(int32_t textureId, int32_t width, int32_t height) {
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA16F, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT, nullptr);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::resizeGBufferColorTexture(int32_t textureId, int32_t width, int32_t height) {
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindTexture(int contextIdx, int32_t textureId)
{
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
    onBindTexture(contextIdx, textureId);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindCubeMapTexture(int contextIdx, int32_t textureId) {
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureId);
    onBindTexture(contextIdx, textureId);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::disposeTexture(int32_t textureId)
{
    glDeleteTextures(1, (const uint32_t*)&textureId);
    statistics.disposedTextures++;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::createFramebufferObject(int32_t depthBufferTextureId, int32_t colorBufferTextureId, int32_t cubeMapTextureId, int32_t cubeMapTextureIndex)
{
    uint32_t frameBufferId;
    // create a frame buffer object
    glGenFramebuffers(1, &frameBufferId);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBufferId);
    // attach the depth buffer texture to FBO
    if (depthBufferTextureId != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, depthBufferTextureId, 0);
    }
    // attach the depth buffer texture to FBO
    if (colorBufferTextureId != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, colorBufferTextureId, 0);
        glDrawBuffer(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0);
        glReadBuffer(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0);
    } else
    if (cubeMapTextureId != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, cubeMapTextureIndex, cubeMapTextureId, 0);
    } else {
        glDrawBuffer(GL_NONE);
        glReadBuffer(GL_NONE);
    }
    // check FBO status
    int32_t fboStatus = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);
    if (fboStatus != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
        Console::println(string("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_EXT failed, CANNOT use FBO: "+ to_string(fboStatus)));
    }
    // switch back to window-system-provided framebuffer
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
    return frameBufferId;
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::createGeometryBufferObject(
    int32_t depthBufferTextureId,
    int32_t geometryBufferTextureId1,
    int32_t geometryBufferTextureId2,
    int32_t geometryBufferTextureId3,
    int32_t colorBufferTextureId1,
    int32_t colorBufferTextureId2,
    int32_t colorBufferTextureId3,
    int32_t colorBufferTextureId4,
    int32_t colorBufferTextureId5
) {
    uint32_t frameBufferId;
    // create a frame buffer object
    glGenFramebuffers(1, &frameBufferId);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBufferId);
    // attach the depth buffer texture to FBO
    if (depthBufferTextureId != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, depthBufferTextureId, 0);
    }
    vector<uint32_t> drawBuffers;
    // attach geometry textures
    if (geometryBufferTextureId1 != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, geometryBufferTextureId1, 0);
        drawBuffers.push_back(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0);
    }
    if (geometryBufferTextureId2 != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1, geometryBufferTextureId2, 0);
        drawBuffers.push_back(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1);
    }
    if (geometryBufferTextureId3 != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2, geometryBufferTextureId3, 0);
        drawBuffers.push_back(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2);
    }
    // attach color textures
    if (colorBufferTextureId1 != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT3, colorBufferTextureId1, 0);
        drawBuffers.push_back(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT3);
    }
    if (colorBufferTextureId2 != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT4, colorBufferTextureId2, 0);
        drawBuffers.push_back(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT4);
    }
    if (colorBufferTextureId3 != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT5, colorBufferTextureId3, 0);
        drawBuffers.push_back(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT5);
    }
    if (colorBufferTextureId4 != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT6, colorBufferTextureId4, 0);
        drawBuffers.push_back(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT6);
    }
    if (colorBufferTextureId5 != ID_NONE) {
        glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT7, colorBufferTextureId5, 0);
        drawBuffers.push_back(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT7);
    }
    //
    glDrawBuffers(drawBuffers.size(), drawBuffers.data());
    // check FBO status
    int32_t fboStatus = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);
    if (fboStatus != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
        Console::println(string("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_EXT failed, CANNOT use FBO: "+ to_string(fboStatus)));
    }
    // switch back to window-system-provided framebuffer
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
    return frameBufferId;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindFrameBuffer(int32_t frameBufferId)
{
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBufferId);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::disposeFrameBufferObject(int32_t frameBufferId)
{
    glDeleteFramebuffers(1, (uint32_t*)&frameBufferId);
}
 
vector<int32_t> GL3Renderer::createBufferObjects(int32_t buffers, bool useGPUMemory, bool shared)
{
    vector<int32_t> bufferObjectIds;
    bufferObjectIds.resize(buffers);
    glGenBuffers(buffers, (uint32_t*)bufferObjectIds.data());
    for (auto bufferObjectId: bufferObjectIds) vbosUsage[bufferObjectId] = useGPUMemory == true?GL_STATIC_DRAW:GL_STREAM_DRAW;
    return bufferObjectIds;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::uploadBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId, int32_t size, FloatBuffer* data)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, data->getBuffer(), vbosUsage[bufferObjectId]);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
    statistics.bufferUploads++;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::uploadBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId, int32_t size, ShortBuffer* data)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, data->getBuffer(), vbosUsage[bufferObjectId]);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
    statistics.bufferUploads++;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::uploadBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId, int32_t size, IntBuffer* data)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, data->getBuffer(), vbosUsage[bufferObjectId]);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
    statistics.bufferUploads++;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::uploadIndicesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId, int32_t size, ShortBuffer* data)
{
    Console::println(string("GL3Renderer::uploadIndicesBufferObject()::not implemented yet"));
}
 
void GL3Renderer::uploadIndicesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId, int32_t size, IntBuffer* data)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, data->getBuffer(), vbosUsage[bufferObjectId]);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
    statistics.bufferUploads++;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindIndicesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSolidColorsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 1, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindTextureCoordinatesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindVerticesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindVertices2BufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindNormalsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindColorsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(3);
    glVertexAttribPointer(3, 4, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindTangentsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(4);
    glVertexAttribPointer(4, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindBitangentsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId)
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(5);
    glVertexAttribPointer(5, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindModelMatricesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(6);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(7);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(8);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(9);
    glVertexAttribPointer(6, 4, GL_FLOAT, false, 4 * 4 * sizeof(float), (void*)(0 * 4 * sizeof(float)));
    glVertexAttribPointer(7, 4, GL_FLOAT, false, 4 * 4 * sizeof(float), (void*)(1 * 4 * sizeof(float)));
    glVertexAttribPointer(8, 4, GL_FLOAT, false, 4 * 4 * sizeof(float), (void*)(2 * 4 * sizeof(float)));
    glVertexAttribPointer(9, 4, GL_FLOAT, false, 4 * 4 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * 4 * sizeof(float)));
    glVertexAttribDivisor(6, 1);
    glVertexAttribDivisor(7, 1);
    glVertexAttribDivisor(8, 1);
    glVertexAttribDivisor(9, 1);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindEffectColorMulsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId, int32_t divisor) {
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(10);
    glVertexAttribPointer(10, 4, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
    glVertexAttribDivisor(10, divisor);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindEffectColorAddsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId, int32_t divisor) {
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(11);
    glVertexAttribPointer(11, 4, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
    glVertexAttribDivisor(11, divisor);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindOriginsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(12);
    glVertexAttribPointer(12, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindTextureSpriteIndicesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glVertexAttribIPointer(1, 2, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindPointSizesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(5);
    glVertexAttribPointer(5, 1, GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0LL);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSpriteSheetDimensionBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(6);
    glVertexAttribIPointer(6, 2, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0, 0LL);
    glVertexAttribDivisor(6, 0);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::drawInstancedIndexedTrianglesFromBufferObjects(int contextIdx, int32_t triangles, int32_t trianglesOffset, int32_t instances)
{
    #define BUFFER_OFFSET(i) ((void*)(i))
    glDrawElementsInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, triangles * 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, BUFFER_OFFSET(static_cast<int64_t>(trianglesOffset) * 3LL * 4LL), instances);
    statistics.renderCalls++;
    statistics.instances+= instances;
    statistics.triangles+= triangles * instances;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::drawIndexedTrianglesFromBufferObjects(int contextIdx, int32_t triangles, int32_t trianglesOffset)
{
    #define BUFFER_OFFSET(i) ((void*)(i))
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, triangles * 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, BUFFER_OFFSET(static_cast<int64_t>(trianglesOffset) * 3LL * 4LL));
    statistics.renderCalls++;
    statistics.instances+= 1;
    statistics.triangles+= triangles;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::drawInstancedTrianglesFromBufferObjects(int contextIdx, int32_t triangles, int32_t trianglesOffset, int32_t instances) {
    glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, trianglesOffset * 3, triangles * 3, instances);
    statistics.renderCalls++;
    statistics.instances+= instances;
    statistics.triangles+= triangles * instances;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::drawTrianglesFromBufferObjects(int contextIdx, int32_t triangles, int32_t trianglesOffset)
{
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, trianglesOffset * 3, triangles * 3);
    statistics.renderCalls++;
    statistics.instances+= 1;
    statistics.triangles+= triangles;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::drawPointsFromBufferObjects(int contextIdx, int32_t points, int32_t pointsOffset)
{
    glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, pointsOffset, points);
    statistics.renderCalls++;
    statistics.points+= points;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setLineWidth(float lineWidth)
{
    glLineWidth(lineWidth);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::drawLinesFromBufferObjects(int contextIdx, int32_t points, int32_t pointsOffset)
{
    glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, pointsOffset, points);
    statistics.renderCalls++;
    statistics.linePoints+= points;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::unbindBufferObjects(int contextIdx)
{
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(2);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(3);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(4);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(5);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(6);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(7);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(8);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(9);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(10);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(11);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(12);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::disposeBufferObjects(vector<int32_t>& bufferObjectIds)
{
    for (auto bufferObjectId: bufferObjectIds) vbosUsage.erase(bufferObjectId);
    glDeleteBuffers(bufferObjectIds.size(), (const uint32_t*)bufferObjectIds.data());
    statistics.disposedBuffers+= bufferObjectIds.size();
}
 
int32_t GL3Renderer::getTextureUnit(int contextIdx)
{
    return activeTextureUnit;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setTextureUnit(int contextIdx, int32_t textureUnit)
{
    this->activeTextureUnit = textureUnit;
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + textureUnit);
}
 
float GL3Renderer::readPixelDepth(int32_t x, int32_t y)
{
    float depth;
    glReadPixels(x, y, 1, 1, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, &depth);
    return depth;
}
 
ByteBuffer* GL3Renderer::readPixels(int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t width, int32_t height)
{
    auto pixelBuffer = ByteBuffer::allocate(width * height * 4);
    glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
    glReadPixels(x, y, width, height, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixelBuffer->getBuffer());
    return pixelBuffer;
}
 
void GL3Renderer::initGuiMode()
{
    setTextureUnit(CONTEXTINDEX_DEFAULT, 0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ID_NONE);
    glBlendEquationSeparate(GL_FUNC_ADD, GL_FUNC_ADD);
    glBlendFuncSeparate(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
    glGetError();
}
 
void GL3Renderer::doneGuiMode()
{
    glGetError();
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ID_NONE);
    glDisable(GL_BLEND);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
}
 
void GL3Renderer::checkGLError(int line)
{
    auto error = glGetError();
    if (error != GL_NO_ERROR) {
        Console::println(string("OpenGL Error: (" + to_string(error) + ") @: " + __FILE__ + ":" + to_string(line)));
    }
}
 
void GL3Renderer::dispatchCompute(int contextIdx, int32_t numGroupsX, int32_t numGroupsY, int32_t numGroupsZ) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        clSkinningParameters.numGroupsX = numGroupsX;
        clSkinningParameters.numGroupsY = numGroupsY;
        glFinish();
        auto& _clSkinningParameters = clSkinningParameters;
        cl_int clError;
        array<cl_mem, 8> boundCLMemObjects;
        for (auto i = 0; i < _clSkinningParameters.boundGLBuffers.size(); i++) {
            boundCLMemObjects[i] = clCreateFromGLBuffer(clContext, _clSkinningParameters.boundGLBuffersWrite[i] == true?CL_MEM_WRITE_ONLY:CL_MEM_READ_ONLY, _clSkinningParameters.boundGLBuffers[i], &clError);
            clError = clSetKernelArg(clSkinningKernel, i, sizeof(cl_mem), &boundCLMemObjects[i]);
        }
        clSetKernelArg(clSkinningKernel, 8, sizeof(cl_int), &_clSkinningParameters.vertexCount);
        clSetKernelArg(clSkinningKernel, 9, sizeof(cl_int), &_clSkinningParameters.matrixCount);
        clSetKernelArg(clSkinningKernel, 10, sizeof(cl_int), &_clSkinningParameters.instanceCount);
        size_t local_size[] = {(size_t)16, (size_t)16};
        size_t global_size[] = {(size_t)_clSkinningParameters.numGroupsX * local_size[0], (size_t)_clSkinningParameters.numGroupsY  * local_size[1]};
        clEnqueueAcquireGLObjects(clCommandQueue, boundCLMemObjects.size(), boundCLMemObjects.data(), 0, nullptr, nullptr);
        clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(clCommandQueue, clSkinningKernel, 2, nullptr, global_size, local_size, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
        clEnqueueReleaseGLObjects(clCommandQueue, boundCLMemObjects.size(), boundCLMemObjects.data(), 0, nullptr, nullptr);
        clFinish(clCommandQueue);
        clSkinningParameters = CLSkinningParameters();
        statistics.computeCalls++;
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glDispatchCompute(numGroupsX, numGroupsY, numGroupsZ);
        statistics.computeCalls++;
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::memoryBarrier() {
    #if defined (__APPLE__)
        // no op
    #else
        // TODO: put barrier bits into paramters
        glMemoryBarrier(GL_ALL_BARRIER_BITS);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::uploadSkinningBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId, int32_t size, FloatBuffer* data) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
        glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, data->getBuffer(), vbosUsage[bufferObjectId]);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
        statistics.bufferUploads++;
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
        glBufferData(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, size, data->getBuffer(), vbosUsage[bufferObjectId]);
        glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
        statistics.bufferUploads++;
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::uploadSkinningBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId, int32_t size, IntBuffer* data) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
        glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, data->getBuffer(), vbosUsage[bufferObjectId]);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
        statistics.bufferUploads++;
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, bufferObjectId);
        glBufferData(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, size, data->getBuffer(), vbosUsage[bufferObjectId]);
        glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, ID_NONE);
        statistics.bufferUploads++;
    #endif
}
 
#if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
    inline void GL3Renderer::clBindGLBuffer(int32_t idx, int32_t bufferObjectId, bool write) {
        clSkinningParameters.boundGLBuffers[idx] = bufferObjectId;
        clSkinningParameters.boundGLBuffersWrite[idx] = write;
    }
#endif
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSkinningVerticesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        clBindGLBuffer(0, bufferObjectId, false);
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 0, bufferObjectId);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSkinningNormalsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        clBindGLBuffer(1, bufferObjectId, false);
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 1, bufferObjectId);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSkinningVertexJointsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        clBindGLBuffer(2, bufferObjectId, false);
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 2, bufferObjectId);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSkinningVertexJointIdxsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        clBindGLBuffer(3, bufferObjectId, false);
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 3, bufferObjectId);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSkinningVertexJointWeightsBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        clBindGLBuffer(4, bufferObjectId, false);
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 4, bufferObjectId);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSkinningVerticesResultBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        clBindGLBuffer(5, bufferObjectId, true);
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 5, bufferObjectId);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSkinningNormalsResultBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        clBindGLBuffer(6, bufferObjectId, true);
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 6, bufferObjectId);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::bindSkinningMatricesBufferObject(int contextIdx, int32_t bufferObjectId) {
    #if defined (__APPLE__) && !defined(__aarch64__)
        clBindGLBuffer(7, bufferObjectId, false);
    #elif !defined(__APPLE__)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 7, bufferObjectId);
    #endif
}
 
void GL3Renderer::setVSync(bool vSync) {
    // no op
}
 
const Renderer::Renderer_Statistics GL3Renderer::getStatistics() {
    auto stats = statistics;
    statistics.time = Time::getCurrentMillis();
    statistics.memoryUsageGPU = -1LL;
    statistics.memoryUsageShared = -1LL;
    statistics.clearCalls = 0;
    statistics.renderCalls = 0;
    statistics.instances = 0;
    statistics.computeCalls = 0;
    statistics.triangles = 0;
    statistics.points = 0;
    statistics.linePoints = 0;
    statistics.bufferUploads = 0;
    statistics.textureUploads = 0;
    statistics.renderPasses = 0;
    statistics.drawCommands = 0;
    statistics.submits = 0;
    statistics.disposedTextures = 0;
    statistics.disposedBuffers = 0;
    return stats;
}